E-LINK Publications

Roland STOCK, Gyrd Thrane, Torunn Askim, Audny Anke, Paul Jarle Mork. J Rehabil Med 2019; 51:248-256

In this study following patients over the first year after having a stroke, grip and pinch strength was measured regularly using a Biometrics Ltd E-LINK System hand grip dynamometer and pinchmeter.

Samira Boroumand, Afsoon Hassani Mehraban; Iranian Rehabilitation Journal. 2018; 16(4):413-424

In this research, the Biometrics Ltd E-LINK (EP40 ForcePlates Evaluation and Exercise system) was used for the assessment and implementation of virtual reality practice.

C. M. Lameijer, H. J. ten Duis, D. Vroling, M. T., Hartlief, M. El Moumni, C. K. van der Sluis; Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery (2018) 138:1699?1712

In this Study E-LINK Goniometers and Pinchmeter were used for evaluation

Orachorn Boonla, Piyapong Prasertsri

Weight bearing balance was determined using the Biometrics Ltd E-LINK Dual Axis ForcePlate System as part of this study of 41 male university atheletes.

Xiling Xiao, Jian Huang, Zhenbing Chen, Xiaoxuan Xia, Shuang Wang, Zhaohui Yang; Int J Clin Exp Med 2018;11(2):1208-1216

This Study investigated the effects of computer-assisted wrist/hand intervention on the improvement of hand function for patients with traumatic hand injuries. 56 participants with traumatic hand injuries involving bone or/and flexor tendon were randomly assigned to a computer-assisted therapy group and control group. Before and after 4-week intervention, all subjects were assessed by total active motion (TAM), grip and pinch strength, nine-hole pegboard test and upper extremity functional index (UEFI).

Fernando Max Lima, Luciane Fernando Rodrigues, Martinho Fernandes, Dernival Bertoncello; Motriz. Rio Claro, v21 n.2, p. 214-221, Apr/Jun 2015

Isometrics grip force was evaluated (30 seconds long) previous to and after 10RM tests by means of a G200 model grip dynamometer with precision load cells (Biometrics Ltd) and E-LINK software (Biometrics Ltd). "Electric grip dynamometry was capable to efficiently identify fatigue-related upper limbs changes in trained participants".

Christian Deml, Martin Lutz, Markus Gabl, Tobias Kastenberger, Gernot Schmidle, Sabrina Neururer, Rohit Arora; Injury, Int. J. Care Injured, 46 (2015) 2217-2222

The ROM of the IP, MCP, and CMC joints of both hands were measured using the Biometrics Ltd R500 ROM kit. The fist grip and pinch grip of both hands were measured using the Biometrics Ltd H500 Hand Kit. "The long-term results of this study show that the sesamoid transfer corrects hyperextension instability, leading to a 97% range of flexion-extension arc, 97% Kapandji index, and 84% strength of the thumb compared to the uninjured contralateral thumb."

Jung Hyun Bae MD, Si Hyun Kang MD PhD, Kyung Mook Seo MD PhD, Don-Kyu Kim MD PhD, Hyun lee Shin MD, Hye Erin Shin MD; Ann Rehab Med 2015; 39(5); 752-762

In a study group comprising 577 hemiplegic patients who were admitted or visited the rehabilitation department of Chung-ang University Hospital between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2013, grip and pinch strengths were measured using the Biometrics Ltd E-LINK H400 Hand Kit including the G100 Dynamometer and P100 Pinchmeter. "According to this study, a significant correlation between the grip and pinch strengths and the K-MBI (Korean version of the Modified Barthel Index) score was observed in both the right hemiplegic patients at subacute stage and in the affected hand of the left hemiplegic patients."

Neshat Rahimi S. Monfared; Afsoon Hassani Mehraban; Samira Boroumand. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal, Vol.13, Issue 1, Spring 2015.

This study focuses on how effective stroke therapy can be when using the E-LINK ForcePlate system with activities. The analysis includes monitoring the balance and patient fear of falling over several therapy sessions. This study also comments on the ease of use of the E-LINK system despite the patient having no previous experience with any video-game-type technology.

Hamid R. Rostami, Seifollah Jahantabi Nejad, Ali A. Arastoo. Virtual Reality and hand function in cerebal palsy

This study aims to compare progress of children undergoing rehabilitation for cerebral palsy. The study population is split into two groups; one group will maintain their current rehabilitation programme while the other group will include regular sessions using the E-LINK system. The E3000 upper limb exerciser with a selection of tools and a variety of E-LINK activities are used to complete this study. Results are discussed and confirm that there is a significant advantage to including the E-LINK system in the rehabilitation process, notably the E-LINK system is ideal with younger patients.

Miriam Marks, Laurent Audig?, Daniel B Herren, Stephan Schindele, Rob GHH Nelissen, Thea PM Vilet Vileland. Arthritis Care & Research 2014; 66:245-252

Key Pinch measurements, using the P200 Pinchmeter, are recorded within the E-LINK software and used to validate the German Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ). The Pinchmeter readings of patients suffering from Trapeziometacarpal Osteoarthritis are presented alongside questionnaire results from a range of questionnaires completed by patients at quantified time intervals following treatment to allow for a statistical evaluation of the MHQ.

Miriam Marks, Laurent Audig?, Lisa Reissner, Daniel B Herren, Stephan Schindele, Thea PM Vilet Vileland

E-LINK is fundamental to this comparative study which aims to highlight the factors influencing patient satisfaction between two treatment groups as well as determining the overall patient satisfaction of two treatment options. Key Pinch measurements are recorded using the P200 Pinchmeter and MCP I extension measurements are recorded using the N300 Goniometer, this data is presented as a statistical analysis.

Deborah Severijns, IIse Lamers, Lore Kerkhofs, Peter Feys. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2014; 46: 00-00

The E-LINK Dynamometer is used to quantify muscle fatigue using sustained grip tests as well as grip strength data from repeated contractions. Both hands are analysed amongst a subject population comprising healthy individuals and patients suffering from MS. The main objective of this study is to identify subjects with abnormal muscle fatigability to ensure that they receive the endurance training that they need. A final discussion concludes that current techniques have proved insufficient in classifying the abnormal muscle fatigability.

Shu-Feng Wang, Peng-Cheng Li, Yun-Hao Xue, Hon-Wah Yiu, Yu-Cheng Li, Hai-Hua Wan. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery America, 2013 May 01; 95 (9): 821-827

This study utilises the E-LINK Dynamometer to evaluate the Grip strength of patients whom have recently undergone surgery in order to help confirm the success of the surgical technique applied. Patient grip data is collected at determined time periods following surgery amongst other measured parameters. A final discussion reviews the advantages and disadvantages of this surgical technique as well as listing potential improvements for future studies.

Anna Gerber Ekblom, Lars B Dahlin, Hans-Eric Rosberg, Monica Wiig, Michael Werner, Marianne Arner. Biomed Central Musculoskeletal Disorders 2013, 14:116

The primary objective of this analysis is to understand the impact that radial angulation has on the activity, participation and self-opinion of children. (All study participants are children with radial longitudinal dysplasia). The E-LINK Dynamometer is used to quantify grip strength which, along with other measured parameters, is inputted into various test protocols, questionnaires and equations developed specifically for children. The discussion evaluates the validity and usefulness of the tests and questionnaires used in order to identify the most important factors for children with this condition.

Olga van der Niet, Raoul M. Bongers, Corry K. van der Sluis. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development (JRRD) Volume 50 Number 8; 2013: 1123-1128

The E-LINK Dynamometer and Pinchmeter are used to confirm the advantages of using a new and improved model of multiarticulated prosthetic hand. Grip strength using all five positions of the JAMAR style E-LINK Dynamometer was recorded for both models of the prosthetic hand as well as a third single-jointed prosthetic. Lateral, Tripod and Tip Pinch was recorded for all three instruments using the E-LINK Pinchmeter. Results are presented and discussed to determine the advantages of the multiarticulated hand as well as compare the functionality of these two models.

G. M. Vermeulen, K. R. Spekreijse, H. Slijper, R. Feitz, T. M. Moojen, S. E. R. Hovius, R. W. Selles

Two surgical techniques are evaluated in order to determine which of the two is the better treatment option. The E-LINK Dynamometer is used to determine the grip strength of subjects pre and post-surgery to confirm the success of the procedure as well as the average recovery time of both methods. Results show that grip strength was significantly improved following surgery in both subject groups however, the grip strength data when compared, was not significant in showing any major differences between the two surgical options. The final discussion confirms the preferred technique with supporting evidence.

Miriam Marks, Carina Muoth, Jorg Goldhahn, Andrea Liebmann, Ina Schreib, Stephan F Schindele, Beat R Simmen, Thea PM Vilet Vileland. Journal of Hand Therapy 2012; 25: 387-395

Key Pinch and Tip-to-Tip Pinch measurements, using the P200 Pinchmeter, are recorded within the E-LINK software to quantify the maximum Pinch strengths of a group of patients suffering from various hand disorders. The recorded Pinch data is used to verify the outcome of a study focused on identifying the ergonomic challenges of patients with hand disorders in their everyday lives.

Panada Taechasubamorn, Tawesak Nopkesorn, Supasit Pannarunothai. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand 2010; 93 (12): 1415-21

This comparative study aims to determine the major differences in physical ability between individuals who suffer from or have experienced lower back pain and those who have not. A multitude of tests are completed by both subject groups in order to obtain a statistical analysis. Grip strength data is obtained with the E-LINK Dynamometer, each subject is instructed to achieve their peak grip strength for both hands, this is repeated three times and the highest value entered. Results are displayed in a table format to reflect the averages of both groups; the data is discussed to confirm what the significant differences between the two subject populations are.

Sun Snow, Tang Jinghua, Liu Peng, Sun Xiaowei, Zang Mingming. 2012. Chinese Journal of Paediatrics April 2012 4 2.

This study compares conventional occupational therapy with and without use of the E-LINK system. The study population consisted of children aged between three and six years old suffering from cerebral palsy. The fine hand movements of participants were documented in order to present a statistical analysis for comparison. Children in the group using E-LINK showed a statistically significant increase in fine motor ability. The E-LINK system is praised for its versatility and effectiveness for use as therapy for this specific target group.

D Allen, F Barnett; International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 18(5)258-265 (May 2011)

The purpose of this study was to establish the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of the Biometrics electronic dynamometer, and compare it with the criterion standard hydraulic Jamar dynamometer for measurement of grip strength among healthy participants. Conclusions in the results discussion include: "The concurrent validity between the Biometrics and Jamar dynamometers was found to be excellent for both the right (0.986) and left hands (0.983),and indicates that both the Jamar and Biometrics dynamometers measure the same construct of grip strength. Results also indicate that the Biometrics dynamometer is a valid tool for measuring grip strength." and "Electronic dynamometers also have increased sensitivity to applied force, which therefore enables electronic dynamometers, such as the Biometrics to record low grip strength that may not have registered on the Jamar." The Practical implications state: "This study has established that the Biometrics E-LINK evaluation system is a valid and reliable measurement tool to use by rehabilitation professionals."

D Kennedy, C Jerosch-Herold, M Hickson; Journal of Hand Therapy Oct-Dec 2010; 23:384-391

A Biometrics Ltd Dynamometer was used to measure the test-retest reliability of one vs. three trials. The Implications for Practice included: "The results of this study demonstrate levels of test-retest reliability (ICC -0.91) for the evaluation of one and the mean of three trials of pain-free grip strength tested using the Biometrics E-LINK evaluation system in participants with RA....A change in grip strength as small as 1.6 kg may be indicative of meaningful clinical change in RA patients; therefore, grip should be evaluated with an instrument with adequate sensitivity to detect this magnitude of change."

J Sonderegger, S Schindele, M Rau, J G Gruenert; Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery 2010, 130:1263-1268

This study examined the results and complications of using a palmer plate system for treatment of unstable distal radius fractures. The range of motion of both the injured and contralateral wrist was measured using an Biometrics Ltd E-LINK Goniometer.

O Flannery, M Naughton, A Walsh; European Journal of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology 2010, vol 20, pp 131-135

Biometrics Ltd Dynamometer and Pinchmeter were used in this study to compare the outcome of two different treatments for dorsally displaced distal radial fractures.

E Martinez-Quintana, G Miranda-Calderin, A Ugarte-Lopetegui, F Rodreguez-Gonzalez; Congenital Heart Disease 2010,5:44-50

A Biometrics Ltd grip dynamometer was used to measure grip strength in this study of the effects of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation in patients with congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension.

T Sugun, K Ozaksar, S Ada, F Kui, F Ozerkan, I Kaplan, Y Ademoglu, M Kayalar, E Bal, T Toros, A Bora; ACTA Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica 2009,43(3):206-213

The mean grip and pinch strengths on the affected side were compared to the normal side using a computerized Biometrics Ltd E-LINK Evaluation and Exercise System dynamometer and pinchmeter.

S Butariu, L Galosi, E Butariu, G Mihalas, R Costan; Timisoara Medical Journal 2009,Vol 59, No 3

Pre and post treatment functional evaluation was conducted using Biometrics E-LINK computerized Evaluation System. Tests performed included: range of motion measured using E-LINK electrogoniometers, pinch & grip strength measured using E-LINK electronic dynamometer & pinchmeter, documentation of manually collected data in E-LINK Evaluation software. The results of this study to evaluate the application effects of pulsed magnetic fields in rehabilitation were assessed by calculating the difference of the global impairment score, expressed in percentages, as calculated by the E-LINK software.

M Gabl, M Blauth, M Lutz, R Zimmermann, P Angermann, R Arora, H Piza-Katzer, H Hussl, M Ninkovic, S Schneeberger, R Margreiter; Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir 2009, 41:224-229; article in German

Improvement in motor function of the upper extremity was investigated in a patient following bilateral forearm transplantation. Grip and pinch strength were measured using Biometrics Ltd grip dynamometer and pinchmeter.

A Filipa Pires, A Paula Castro, C Seixas, T Tomas, I Coutinho, E Carolino; Saude & Tecnologia, May 2008, #1: 36-41; article in Portuguese

The practice of regular physical acctivity has a better impact on the global condition of the elderly people. The authors evaluated the grip force using a portable dynamometer (Biometrics E-LINK).

E Bal, A Piskin, S ada, Y Ademoglu, T Toros, M Kayalar; ACTA Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica 2008,42(4):234-237

The difference of power between the operated hand in both groups were compared by palmer pinch and grip power values measured by Biometrics Ltd E-LINK.

A Mishra, I Whitaker, I Josty; Annals of Plastic Surgery, Vol 61, No 6, December 2008

The assessment of the functional results at 18 months post surgery included grip strength measurements using a Biometrics Ltd E-LINK dynamometer.

Joris van Balen. 2007

The E-LINK range of motion kit is used to verify this theory. Study participants are instructed to complete a range of exercises to improve their range of motion following hand surgery, each subject is given a simple schematic depicting hand positions to copy. The E-LINK system is featured as the chosen method for measuring the geometry of the hand; these values may then be entered into the hand calibration model. Other parameters that the E-LINK system can measure (such as force applied from patient finger) may also be useful as an input to this model in the future.

AJ Crowey, M R Carmont, B Tins, D J Ford; Injury Extra 2007, 38, 90-93

Case presentation of a rare FCR rupture. Grip strength on the right compared to the non-affected side was measured using an E-LINK dynamometer.

A Goodson, A McGregor, J Douglas, P Taylor; Manual Therapy 12 (2007) 144-152

This study explored the use of a commercially available system, the Biometrics E-LINK Evaluation System, for determining hand function in RA and OA patients, in terms of its reproducibility and practicability. Impairment of physiological hand function was assessed using the Biometrics E-Link instruments - Dynamometer and Pinchmeter for strength measurements, small and large electrogoniometers for finger and wrist ROM measurements. "To summarize, pinch, grip and ROM measurements are simple and quick to perform and the findings of this study support the routine clinical use of these measures ..."

A Wajon, L Ada, K Refshange; Manual Therapy 12 (2007) 12-16

The purpose of this observational study of 129 physiotherapists to investigate whether there is an association between the alignment of the thumb during performance of posterior-anterior (PA) pressures and the presence of thumb pain. The participants were asked to apply a PA pressure to a force of 40N as measured by pressing on a dense foam pad adhered to a wooden block resting ona Biometrics Ltd forceplate.

O Alizadehkhaiyat, A Fisher, G Kemp, K Vishwanathan, S Fostick; Journal of Orthoaedic Research December 2007

This study investigated strength, fatigability, and activity of upper limb musculature to elucidate the role of muscular imbalance in the pathophysiology of tennis elbow. Grip strength was measured using a Biometrics Ltd dynamometer.